Даже если прошлое остается в прошлом, то упомянуть о нем – не грех! 😉 Будь то лихие победы юности или красный диплом по ботанике, а рассказать нужно грамотно. Поэтому, в нашей статье мы подскажем, как правильно построить предложение в прошедшем времени на английском языке.
Существует четыре типа прошедшего времени: Past Simple, Past Continious, Past Perfect, Past Perfect Continuous. Рассмотрим особенности употребления каждого.
1. Past Simple (Простое Прошедшее) употребляется, когда мы говорим о действии, произошедшем в определенном времени в прошлом, и время совершения которого уже закончено.
I took this bag with me a few minutes ago.
Чтобы определить момент, когда действие было завершено, мы, как правило, употребляем следующие словосочетания: yesterday (вчера), three days ago (три дня назад), last month (в прошлом месяце), four years ago (четыре года назад). Как образуется Past Simple?
Предложение-утверждение
I cooked. We cooked.
You cooked. You cooked.
He/she/it cooked. They cooked.
Предложение-вопрос
Did I cook? Did we cook?
Did you cook? Did you cook?
Did he/she/it cook? Did they cook?
Предложение-отрицание
I did not cook. We did not cook.
You did not cook. You did not cook.
He/she/it did not cook. He/she/it did not cook.
Чтобы использовать Past Simple, глагол нужно употреблять в его второй форме. В основном, мы просто прибавляем окончание –еd. Но, существуют и глаголы, которые называют «неправильными». Их просто нужно выучить.
cook-cooked make-made
travel-travelled go-went
enjoy-enjoyed see-saw
2. Past Continuous (Прошедшее Продолжительное) мы употребляем, когда говорим о процессе, которое длилось в определенном моменте или периоде в прошлом. Это время должно иметь свое конкретное обозначение (when he came, two days ago at 6 o’clock, when the doorbell rang).
When she came he was looking for his watch.
Предложение-утверждение
I was cooking We were cooking
You were cooking You were cooking
He/she/it was cooking They were cooking
Предложение-вопрос
Was I cooking? Were we cooking?
Were you cooking? Were you cooking?
Was he/she/it cooking? Was he/she/it cooking?
Предложение-отрицание
I was not cooking. We weren’t cooking.
You were not cooking. You were not cooking.
He/she/it was not cooking. They were not cooking.
3. Past Perfect (Прошедшее Совершенное) используется, когда мы говорим о действии, завершившемся до какого-либо момента в прошлом.
After John had left, they saw his luggage.
Предложение-утверждение
I had cooked We had cooked
You had cooked You had cooked
He/she/it had cooked They had cooked
Предложение-вопрос
Had I cooked? Had we cooked?
Had you cooked? Had you cooked?
Had he/she/it cooked? Had he/she/it cooked?
Предложение-отрицание
I had not cooked. We had not cooked.
You had not cooked. You had not cooked.
He/she/it had not cooked. They had not cooked.
4. Past Perfect Continuous (Прошедшее Длительное Совершенное) мы употребляем, когда говорим о действии, которое началось в прошлом, продолжалось в течении какого-либо времени и закончилось к определенному моменту либо не закончилось к этому моменту в прошлом.
I had been cooking a dinner for Stella for two hours, when she called me.
Предложение-утверждение
I had been cooking We had been cooking
You had been cooking You had been cooking
He/she/it had been cooking They had been cooking
Предложение-вопрос
Had I been cooking? Had we been cooking?
Had you been cooking? Had you been cooking?
Had he/she/it been cooking? Had he/she/it been cooking?
Предложение-отрицание
I had not been cooking. We had not been cooking.
You had not been cooking. You had not been cooking.
He/she/it was not been cooking. They had not been cooking.
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