Все глаголы, не имеет значения, относятся ли они к группе правильных или неправильных глаголов английского языка, имеют пять форм – инфинитив (неопределенная форма глагола) infinitive, simple present (настоящее простое время), simple past (прошедшее простое время), past participle (причастие прошедшего времени), and present participle (причастие настоящего времени).
Разница между правильными и неправильными глаголами состоит в формировании причастия настоящего и прошедшего времени. Если в правильных глаголах в причастии прошедшего времени, мы добавляем окончание –ed:
Infinitive | Simple Present | Simple Past | Past Participle | Present Participle |
to laugh | laugh(s) | laughed | laughed | laughing |
to start | start(s) | started | started | starting |
to wash | wash(es) | washed | washed | washing |
to wink | wink(s) | winked | winked | winking |
В неправильных же глаголах, при формировании причастие прошедшего, меняется корень:
Infinitive | Simple Present | Simple Past | Past Participle | Present Participle |
to drive | drive(s) | drove | driven | driving |
to feel | feel(s) | felt | felt | feeling |
to put | put(s) | put | put | putting |
to swim | swim(s) | swam | swum | swimming |
Изучающие часто делают ошибки в неправильных глаголах. Не зная того, что глагол относится к этой группе, они добавляют окончание –ed.
Например:
Olivia feeled like exercising yesterday, so she putted on her bathing suit and drived to the YMCA, where she swum so far that only an extra large pepperoni pizza would satisfy her hunger.
Какие ошибки допущены в предложениях? Во-первых, не feeled, а felt. Затем, putted меняем put. Правильная форма прощедшего drive это drove. И мы должны поменять swum на swam.
Решение проблемы от NES — Таблица неправильных глаголов английского языка.
Чтобы не допускать такие ошибки, Вам придется выучить список неправильных глаголов:
Infinitive | Simple Present | Simple Past | Past Participle | Present Participle |
to arise | arise(s) | arose | arisen | arising |
to awake | awake(s) | awoke or awaked | awaked or awoken | awaking |
to be | am, is, are | was, were | been | being |
to bear | bear(s) | bore | borne or born | bearing |
to beat | beat(s) | beat | beaten | beating |
to become | become(s) | became | become | becoming |
to begin | begin(s) | began | begun | beginning |
to bend | bend(s) | bent | bent | bending |
to bet | bet(s) | bet | bet | betting |
to bid [to offer] | bid(s) | bid | bid | bidding |
to bid [to command] | bid(s) | bade | bidden | bidding |
to bind | bind(s) | bound | bound | binding |
to bite | bite(s) | bit | bitten or bit | biting |
to blow | blow(s) | blew | blown | blowing |
to break | break(s) | broke | broken | breaking |
to bring | bring(s) | brought | brought | bringing |
to build | build(s) | built | built | building |
to burst | burst(s) | burst | burst | bursting |
to buy | buy(s) | bought | bought | buying |
to cast | cast(s) | cast | cast | casting |
to catch | catch(es) | caught | caught | catching |
to choose | choose(s) | chose | chosen | choosing |
to cling | cling(s) | clung | clung | clinging |
to come | come(s) | came | come | coming |
to cost | cost(s) | cost | cost | costing |
to creep | creep(s) | crept | crept | creeping |
to cut | cut(s) | cut | cut | cutting |
to deal | deal(s) | dealt | dealt | dealing |
to dig | dig(s) | dug | dug | digging |
to dive | dive(s) | dived or dove | dived | diving |
to do | do(es) | did | done | doing |
to draw | draw(s) | drew | drawn | drawing |
to dream | dream(s) | dreamed or dreamt | dreamed or dreamt | dreaming |
to drink | drink(s) | drank | drunk | drinking |
to drive | drive(s) | drove | driven | driving |
to eat | eat(s) | ate | eaten | eating |
to fall | fall(s) | fell | fallen | falling |
to feed | feed(s) | fed | fed | feeding |
to feel | feel(s) | felt | felt | feeling |
to fight | fight(s) | fought | fought | fighting |
to find | find(s) | found | found | finding |
to flee | flee(s) | fled | fled | fleeing |
to fling | fling(s) | flung | flung | flinging |
to fly | flies, fly | flew | flown | flying |
to forbid | forbid(s) | forbade or forbad | forbidden | forbidding |
to forget | forget(s) | forgot | forgotten or forgot | forgetting |
to forgive | forgive(s) | forgave | forgiven | forgiving |
to forsake | forsake(s) | forsook | forsaken | forsaking |
to freeze | freeze(s) | froze | frozen | freezing |
to get | get(s) | got | got or gotten | getting |
to give | give(s) | gave | given | giving |
to go | go(es) | went | gone | going |
to grow | grow(s) | grew | grown | growing |
to hang [to suspend] | hang(s) | hung | hung | hanging |
to have | has, have | had | had | having |
to hear | hear(s) | heard | heard | hearing |
to hide | hide(s) | hid | hidden | hiding |
to hit | hit(s) | hit | hit | hitting |
to hurt | hurt(s) | hurt | hurt | hurting |
to keep | keep(s) | kept | kept | keeping |
to know | know(s) | knew | known | knowing |
to lay | lay(s) | laid | laid | laying |
to lead | lead(s) | led | led | leading |
to leap | leap(s) | leaped or leapt | leaped or leapt | leaping |
to leave | leave(s) | left | left | leaving |
to lend | lend(s) | lent | lent | lending |
to let | let(s) | let | let | letting |
to lie [to rest or recline] | lie(s) | lay | lain | lying |
to light | light(s) | lighted or lit | lighted or lit | lighting |
to lose | lose(s) | lost | lost | losing |
to make | make(s) | made | made | making |
to mean | mean(s) | meant | meant | meaning |
to pay | pay(s) | paid | paid | paying |
to prove | prove(s) | proved | proved or proven | proving |
to quit | quit(s) | quit | quit | quitting |
to read | read(s) | read | read | reading |
to rid | rid(s) | rid | rid | ridding |
to ride | ride(s) | rode | ridden | riding |
to ring | ring(s) | rang | rung | ringing |
to rise | rise(s) | rose | risen | rising |
to run | run(s) | ran | run | running |
to say | say(s) | said | said | saying |
to see | see(s) | saw | seen | seeing |
to seek | seek(s) | sought | sought | seeking |
to send | send(s) | sent | sent | sending |
to set | set(s) | set | set | setting |
to shake | shake(s) | shook | shaken | shaking |
to shine [to glow] | shine(s) | shone | shone | shining |
to shoot | shoot(s) | shot | shot | shooting |
to show | show(s) | showed | shown or showed | showing |
to shrink | shrink(s) | shrank | shrunk | shrinking |
to sing | sing(s) | sang | sung | singing |
to sink | sink(s) | sank or sunk | sunk | sinking |
to sit | sit(s) | sat | sat | sitting |
to slay | slay(s) | slew | slain | slaying |
to sleep | sleep(s) | slept | slept | sleeping |
to sling | sling(s) | slung | slung | slinging |
to sneak | sneak(s) | sneaked or snuck | sneaked or snuck | sneaking |
to speak | speak(s) | spoke | spoken | speaking |
to spend | spend(s) | spent | spent | spending |
to spin | spin(s) | spun | spun | spinning |
to spring | spring(s) | sprang or sprung | sprung | springing |
to stand | stand(s) | stood | stood | standing |
to steal | steal(s) | stole | stolen | stealing |
to sting | sting(s) | stung | stung | stinging |
to stink | stink(s) | stank or stunk | stunk | stinking |
to stride | stride(s) | strode | stridden | striding |
to strike | strike(s) | struck | struck | striking |
to strive | strive(s) | strove | striven | striving |
to swear | swear(s) | swore | sworn | swearing |
to sweep | sweep(s) | swept | swept | sweeping |
to swim | swim(s) | swam | swum | swimming |
to swing | swing(s) | swung | swung | swinging |
to take | take(s) | took | taken | taking |
to teach | teach(es) | taught | taught | teaching |
to tear | tear(s) | tore | torn | tearing |
to tell | tell(s) | told | told | telling |
to think | think(s) | thought | thought | thinking |
to throw | throw(s) | threw | thrown | throwing |
to understand | understand(s) | understood | understood | understanding |
to wake | wake(s) | woke or waked | waked or woken | waking |
to wear | wear(s) | wore | worn | wearing |
to weave | weave(s) | wove or weaved | woven or wove | weaving |
to weep | weep(s) | wept | wept | weeping |
to wring | wring(s) | wrung | wrung | wringing |
to write | write(s) | wrote | written | writing |
Также, кроме изучения таблицы неправильных глаголов, вам нужно понимать разницу между формированием и использованием причастий настоящего и прошедшего времени.
Обычное прошедшее время формируется с помощью глагола в Past Participle и не требует вспомогательного глагола.
Because dinner time was near, my dog Oreo bit the spine of Moby-Dick and pulled the novel off my lap.
Since Denise had ignored bills for so long, she wrote out checks for an hour straight.
Despite the noise, jolts, and jerks, Alex slept so soundly on the city bus that he missed his stop.
А если, например, говорить о более сложных временах, таких как Present Perfect или Past Perfect, тогда нам потребуется вспомогательный глагол have, has или had:
Raymond had bitten into the muffin before Charise mentioned that it was her infamous chocolate-broccoli variety.
had = auxiliary verb; bitten = past participle
Once Woody has written his essay for Mr. Stover, he plans to reward himself with a packet of Twinkies.
has = вспомогательный глагол (auxiliary verb); written = причастие прошедшего времени (past participle).
Cynthia might have slept better if she hadn’t watched The Nightmare on Elm Street marathon on HBO.
might, have = вспомогательный глагол (auxiliary verbs); slept = причастие прошедшего времени (past participle).
Для группы правильных глаголов, разницы между (прошедшее простое) simple past и (причастие прошедшего времени) past participle не существует. Посмотрите на этих примерах:
Diane giggled as her beagle Reliable pushed his cold wet nose into her stomach, searching for cookie crumbs.
giggled = (прошедшее простое ) simple past
Until the disapproving Mrs. Whitman elbowed Latoya in the ribs, the young girl had giggled without stop at the toilet paper streamer attached to Principal Clemens’s shoe.
had = вспомогательный глагол (auxiliary verb); giggled = причастие прошедшего времени (past participle).
Когда вы хотите использовать неправильный глагол, учитывайте разницу между формированием прошедшего простого и формированием предложения с использованием причастия. Например:
Essie drove so cautiously that traffic piled up behind her, causing angry drivers to honk their horns and shout obscenities.
drove = прошедшее простое (simple past)
Essie might have driven faster if she hadn’t forgotten her glasses and saw more than big colored blurs through the windshield.
might, have = вспомогательный глагол (auxiliary verbs); driven = причастие (past participle).
Также, причастие используются в предложении в качестве прилагательного, то есть слов, с помощью которых мы описываем что-то или кого-то. Например:
The calculus exams given by Dr. Ribley are so difficult that his students believe their brains will burst.
Delores discovered the stolen bologna under the sofa, guarded fiercely by Max, her Chihuahua.
The written reprimand so shamed poor Pablo that he promised his boss never again to throw a scoop of ice cream at a customer.
И помните, что вы всегда можете воспользоваться словарем в определении той или иной формы глагола. А также чаще практикуйтесь на уроках в NES снашими преподавателями))) До встречи на уроках!
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